Automation services

The earliest application of turbine automation is installing safety valves on boilers, installing governors in generating units, and using steering gear to control steering gear on the bridge. The automation of some single or individual operations has been further realized. For example, the main engine is directly operated by the bridge clock; the standby generator is put into parallel operation or disconnected according to the change of power station load; the working parameters of boiler water level and pressure, diesel engine cooling water temperature and fuel viscosity are automatically adjusted; some auxiliary machines, such as air compressors, refrigerators and bilge water pumps, are automatically started and stopped; the time sequence of residue discharge from oil separators is automatically controlled; The main pumps, such as boiler feed water pump, fuel pump, main engine lubricating oil pump, etc., will automatically switch back-up pumps immediately when they break down; automatic recording of turbine logs and car clocks and wagons, such as when the main engine lubricating oil pressure is low and the main bearing temperature is high, the main engine will automatically decelerate or even stop to ensure safety; alarm system will forecast the failure, etc. In this way, besides maintenance and overhaul, the on-duty management is all automated. In the early 1960s, ships with fully automated engine rooms appeared. In the control room, the engine room power plant is centralized monitored and controlled by remote measuring instruments and control devices. By the mid-1960s, on the premise that the reliability of power plants and automation devices had been fully guaranteed, ships with regular unattended cabins appeared. This technological achievement has been recognized by some classification societies.
Navigation automation ships navigate in the ocean, the driver should regularly determine the position of the ship on the chart, but also pay attention to avoid collision, grounding, reef strikes and so on. In this respect, most manual operations have been replaced by navigational instruments. The error of automatic positioning can be less than 1 nautical mile under certain conditions by using ship radio navigation equipment instead of sextant to measure ship position. The course deviation caused by wind and wave can be corrected by using autopilot instead of rudder. The track deviation of ship is smaller than that of manual rudder, which means that the sailing time can be shortened and the economy can be improved. In addition, the tracker can be used to mark the ship's actual route on the chart instead of the driver's chart when sailing; radar can be used to detect ships and coastlines on the surrounding sea surface to create conditions for navigation in foggy weather; meteorological facsimile map can be used instead of meteorological text description to make it more convenient and detailed to collect and read meteorological reports. When ships enter or leave ports and mooring, they can know the water level of the bow through the bow TV so as to command the cabling, and direct control of the main engine on the bridge can improve the maneuverability of handling ships.
The loading and unloading of cargo after arrival of outgoing automated ships and related matters can be accomplished by automation devices. If the tanker loads and unloads cargo oil, according to the sequence of loading and unloading, according to the liquid level detection signal, the valve can be automatically controlled on or off, the cargo oil can be automatically loaded and unloaded, and the ballast water can be filled and discharged, so as to avoid excessive bending stress caused by uneven force on the hull, and ensure that the oil pump does not suck empty during unloading and oil spill will not occur during loading. When loading and unloading heavy cargo, ballast water is adjusted by automatic ballast device, so that the draft at the head and tail of the ship and the draft at port and starboard are appropriate. The mooring rope can be tightened or relaxed by an automatic tension winch when loading and unloading cargo and encountering ebb and flow tide. In addition, there are fire detection and automatic fire extinguishing devices for the whole ship, automatic devices for keeping different temperatures in the refrigerated compartment according to the variety of goods, and air conditioning in the crew's living places, etc.